In a world where the Gaza war has sharply polarized global opinion, particularly within the Muslim-majority nations that overwhelmingly condemn Israel’s actions, Azerbaijan emerges as a striking anomaly. As the only Muslim-majority country to maintain robust ties with Israel during this conflict, Azerbaijan’s stance is not driven by religious affinity or ideological alignment but by a pragmatic, decades-long strategic partnership rooted in mutual interests. This article explores the historical, economic, military, and geopolitical factors that underpin Azerbaijan’s unique position, the challenges it faces, and why it remains steadfast in its alliance with Israel despite regional and domestic pressures. Historical Foundations:…